An Analysis of Skype Exchanges for Promoting Intercultural Learning and Understanding Among University Language Students

Colette Mrowa-Hopkin (1)
(1) College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia , Australia

Abstract

This paper reports on a project designed to promote intercultural learning and understanding between language students across three universities in Australia, Mexico and Germany. It examines students’ self-recorded Skype exchanges and assesses them within the debate over the inclusion of interculturality in language learning and teaching. By examining the negotiation of meaning that occurs between exchange partners, the study highlights the key elements involved in intercultural mediation, where rapport building may have a significant impact on negotiation of intercultural knowledge and attitudes. Micro-level discourse analysis is applied to culture-related events in the Skype conversations with a view to contributing meaningful insights into intercultural communication in instructional contexts.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Avgousti, M.I. (2018). Intercultural communicative competence and online exchanges: A systematic review. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(8): 819-853, https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1455713 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1455713

Belz, J.A. (2007). The role of computer mediation in the instruction and development of L2 pragmatic competence. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 27: 45-75. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190508070037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0267190508070037

Belz, J.A. (2003). Linguistic perspectives on the development of intercultural competence in telecollaboration. Language Learning and Technology, 7(2): 68-117. Accessed 8 July 2022 from https://scholarworks.iupui.edu/bitstream/handle/1805/2655/Belz_Linguistic_Perspectives.pdf?sequence=1

Blommaert, J. & A. Backus (2011). Repertoires revisited: ‘Knowing language’ in superdiversity. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies, 67.

Byram, M. (2012). Language awareness and (critical) cultural awareness: Relationships, comparisons and contrasts. Language Awareness, 21(1-2): 5-13, https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2011.639887 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09658416.2011.639887

Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Multilingual Matters.

Byram, M., B. Gribkova & H. Starkey (2002) Developing the Intercultural Dimension in Language Teaching: A Practical Introduction for Teachers. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.

Byram, M., A. Nichols & D. Stevens (eds.) (2001). Developing Intercultural Competence in Practice. Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781853595356

Carbaugh, D. (2007). Cultural discourse analysis: Communication practices and intercultural encounters. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 36(3): 167-182. https://doi.org/10.1080/17475750701737090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17475750701737090

Chun, D.M. (2011). Developing intercultural communicative competence through online exchanges. CALICO Journal, 28(2): 392–419. Accessed 8 July 2022 from https://journal.equinoxpub.com/Calico/article/download/17122/19592 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11139/cj.28.2.392-419

Collier, M.J. (2015) Intercultural communication competence: Continuing challenges and critical directions. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 48: 9-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.03.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.03.003

Collier, M.J. (2014). Community Engagement and Intercultural Praxis: Dancing with Difference in Diverse Contexts. Peter Lang.

Deardorff, D.K. (ed.) (2009). The SAGE Handbook of Intercultural Competence. SAGE. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781071872987

Dervin, F. & E. Suomela-Salmi (eds.) (2010). New Approaches to Assessing Language and (Inter)Cultural Competences in Higher Education. Peter Lang.

Eggins, S. & D. Slade (1997). Analysing Casual Conversation. Equinox.

Fornasiero, J., S.M.A. Reed, R. Amery, E. Bouvet, K. Enomoto & H.L. Xu (eds.) (2020). Intersections in Language Planning and Policy. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50925-5

Goodfellow, R. & M.-N. Lamy (eds.) (2009). Learning Cultures in Online Education. Continuum International Pub.

Hall, J.K. & S. Pekarek-Doehler (2011). L2 interactional competence and development. In J.K. Hall, J. Hellermann & S. Pekarek (eds.) L2 Interactional Competence and Development (1-15). Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847694072-003

Hammer, M.R. (2015). The developmental paradigm for intercultural competence research. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 48: 12-13. Accessed 8 July 2022 from https://idiinventory.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/The-Developmental-paradigm-for-intercultural-competence-research-2015-Hammer.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.03.004

Helm, F. (2016). Facilitated dialogue in online intercultural exchange. In T. Lewis & R. O’Dowd (eds.), Online Intercultural Exchange (150-172). Routledge, Taylor & Francis.

Holmes, P. (2015). Intercultural encounters as socially constructed experiences: Which concepts? Which pedagogies? In N. Holden, S. Michailova & S. Tietze (eds.), Routledge Companion to Cross-Cultural Management (237-247). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203798706-28

Jackson, J. (2020) The Routledge Handbook of Intercultural Communication (2nd Ed.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003036210

Kohler, M. (2015). Teachers as Mediators in the Foreign Language Classroom. Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781783093076

Kramsch, C. (2011). The symbolic dimensions of the intercultural. Language Teaching, 44(3): 354-67. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444810000431 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444810000431

Kramsch, C. (2009). The Multilingual Subject: What Foreign Language Learners Say About their Experience and Why it Matters. Oxford University Press.

Lewis, T. & R. O’Dowd (2016). Online intercultural exchanges and foreign language learning. In T. Lewis & R. O'Dowd (eds.), Online Intercultural Exchange (33-79). Routledge, Taylor & Francis.

Liddicoat, A.J. (2014). Pragmatics and intercultural mediation in intercultural language learning. Intercultural Pragmatics, 11(2): 259-277. https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2014-0011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/ip-2014-0011

Liddicoat, A.J. & A. Scarino (2013). Intercultural Language Teaching and Learning. Wiley-Blackwell, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118482070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118482070

Liu, S. (2012). Rethinking intercultural competence: Global and local nexus. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 7(3): 269-275, https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2012.693085 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17447143.2012.693085

Lo Bianco, J. (2003). Culture: Visible, invisible and multiple. In J. Lo Bianco & C. Crozet (eds.), Teaching Invisible Culture: Classroom Practice and Theory (11-38). Language Australia.

Martin, J. (2015). Revisiting intercultural communication competence: Where to go from here. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 48: 6-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.03.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2015.03.008

O’Dowd, R. (2021). What do students learn in virtual exchange? A qualitative content analysis of learning outcomes across multiple exchanges. International Journal of Education Research, 109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101804 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2021.101804

O'Dowd, R. (2003). Understanding the “other side”: Intercultural learning in a Spanish-English e-mail exchange. Language Learning & Technology, 7(2): 118-144. Accessed 8 July 2022 from https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/25202/1/07_02_odowd.pdf

Piller, I. (2007). Linguistics and intercultural communication. Linguistics and Language Compass, 1(3): 208-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00012.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-818X.2007.00012.x

Ryshina-Pankova, M. (2018). Discourse moves and intercultural communicative competence in telecollaborative chats. Language Learning & Technology, 22(1): 218-239. https://dx.doi.org/10125/44587

Schreiber, B.R. (2015). “I am what I am”: Multilingual identity and digital translanguaging. Language Learning & Technology, 19(3): 69-87. Accessed 8 July 2022 from https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/44434/1/19_03_schreiber.pdf

Suarez-Garcia, J. & J. Crapotta (2007). Models of telecollaboration (2): Cultura. In R. O’Dowd (ed.), Online Intercultural Exchange: An Introduction for Foreign Language (62-84). Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781847690104-006

Ting-Toomey, S. (2011). Understanding intercultural conflict competence. In J. Jackson (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Language and Intercultural Communication (279-295). Routledge.

Tudini, V. (2003). Using native speakers in chat. Language, Learning and Technology, 7(3): 141-159. Accessed 9 July 2022 from https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/25218/1/07_03_tudini.pdf

Tudini, V. & A.J. Liddicoat (2016) Computer-mediated communication and conversation analysis. In S. Thorne & S. May (eds.), Language, Education and Technology: Encyclopedia of Language and Education (3rd Ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02328-1_32-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02237-6_32

Tudini, V. & A. Strambi (2017). “Siamo vicini, no?” Negotiating commonality for rapport building in Italian L1-L2 online text chat. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 40(2): 194-211. https://doi.org/10.1075/aral.40.2.07tud DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/aral.40.2.07tud

Valencia J.A.A. & A.F. Benavides (2019). Using social networking sites for language learning to develop intercultural competence in language education programs, Journal of International and Intercultural Communication, 12(1): 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2018.1503318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17513057.2018.1503318

Ware, P. (2005). “Missed” communication in online communication: Tensions in fostering successful online interactions. Language Learning & Technology, 9(2): 64-89. Accessed 9 July 2022 from https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/44020/1/09_02_ware.pdf.

Wang A.Y. & W.J. Chang (2011). Developing intercultural awareness and language speaking proficiency for foreign language learners through cross-cultural voicemail exchange. Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching, 1(4): 17–32. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2011100102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/ijcallt.2011100102

Wiseman, R.L. (2003). Intercultural communication competence. In W.B. Gudykunst (ed.), Cross-cultural and Intercultural Communication (191-208). SAGE.

Woodin, J. (2018). Interculturality, Interaction and Language Learning. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315640525

Young, R. & L. Ortega (eds.) (2009) Discursive Practice in Language Learning and Teaching. Wiley-Blackwell.

Zakir, M.A., L.B.A. Funo & J.A. Telles (2016). Focusing on culture-related episodes in a teletandem interaction between a Brazilian and an American student. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 10(1): 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2016.1134861 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2016.1134861

Authors

Colette Mrowa-Hopkin
colette.mrowa-hopkins@flinders.edu.au (Primary Contact)
Author Biography

Colette Mrowa-Hopkin, College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia

Colette Mrowa-Hopkins was formerly senior lecturer in French and applied linguistics at Flinders University in South Australia. Her research interests include applied linguistics; the teaching and learning of French (FLE); discourse analysis and cultural identity; and cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics, with special focus on communication of emotion. She has published widely.

Mrowa-Hopkin, C. (2022). An Analysis of Skype Exchanges for Promoting Intercultural Learning and Understanding Among University Language Students. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 22(1), 92–108. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v22i1.30

Article Details

Smart Citations via scite_