Intercultural communication training to support internationalisation in higher education
Abstract
With a steady growth in globalisation, many universities increasingly invest in their human capital by training employees to meet the demands of organisational diversity, to become culturally flexible and adaptable in multicultural contexts. Internationalisation is an important part of a university’s economic, academic and cultural vitality, and this is true at Massey University in Aotearoa New Zealand. In order to proactively build the University’s internationalisation capability, an introductory interactive intercultural communication workshop which encourages self-reflection, was developed and presented to staff on three campuses. As a follow-up to these workshops, staff were invited to participate in an online survey a week after attending the workshop, and then a focus group one month later, to ascertain any transfer of learning to the workplace. This paper reports on the findings and provides recommendations for universities to enhance their intercultural capabilities.
Full text article
References
Aba, D. (2015). Towards an Intercultural Communication Competence Tool for Academic Mobility Purposes. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 39.
Adams, K., & Cargill, M. (2003). Knowing that the other knows: using experience and reflection to enhance communication in cross-cultural postgraduate supervisory relationships. In: 2003 Annual International Conference of the Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Aguinis, H., & Kraiger, K. (2009). Benefits of training and development for individuals and teams, organizations, and society. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 451-474.
Ariza, E.N., Lapp, S.I., Rhone, A., & Robison, S. (n.d.). Coping with Cultures in the Classroom. What every teacher should know. http://www.ibrarian.net/navon/paper/Coping_with_Cultures_in_the_Classroom_What_every_.pdf?paperid=1599552.
Baldwin, T.T., & Ford, J.K. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and directions for future
research. Personnel Psychology, 41, 63-105.
Bean, R. (2008). Cross-cultural Training and Workplace Performance. Adelaide, South Australia: National Centre for Vocational Education Research.
Beckett, J.O., Dungee-Anderson, D., Cox, L., & Daly, A. (1997). African Americans and multicultural interventions. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 67(3), 540-563.
Bennett, J. (2011). Developing intercultural competence for international education faculty and staff. In: AIEA Conference: Leaders in International Higher Education. San Fraqncisco, CA, USA.
Bennett, J., Bennett, M., & Landis, D. (2004). Introduction and overview. In D. Landis, J.M. Bennett & M.J. Bennett (Eds.), Handbook of Intercultural Training (pp. 1-11). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Bennett, J.M. (2009). Transformative training: designing programme for culture learning. In M.A. Moodian (Ed.). Contemporary Leadership and Intercultural Competence: Exploring the Cross-cultural Dynamics within Organizations (pp. 95-110). London: Sage.
Bennett, M.J., & Castiglioni, I. (2004). Embodied ethnocentrism and the feeling of culture: A key to training for intercultural competence. In D. Landis, J.M. Bennett & M.J. Bennett (Eds.), Handbook of Intercultural Training (pp. 249-266). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Berg, B.L. (1989). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Brislin, R., & Yoshida, T. (1994). Intercultural Communication Training: An Introduction. London: Sage.
Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Castiglioni, I. (2012). Intercultural learning of hosting families. Intercultural, 65, 21-28.
Charmaz, K. (2000). Grounded theory: Objectivist and constructivist methods. In N.K. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research (2nd ed., pp. 509-536). London: Sage.
Clements, P., & Jones, J. (2006). The Diversity Training Handbook: A Practical Guide to Understanding & Changing Attitudes (2nd ed.). London: Kogan Page.
Diamantidis, A.D., & Chatzoglou, P.D. (2014). Employee post-training behaviour and performance: evaluating the results of the training process. International Journal of Training and Development, 18(3), 149-170.
Duck, S. (2002). Our friends, ourselves. In J. Stewart (Ed.). Bridges not Walls: A Book about Interpersonal Communication (8th ed., pp. 325-338).Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Fowler, S.M., & Blohm, J.M. (2004). An analysis of methods for intercultural training. In D. Landis, J.M. Bennett & M.J. Bennett (Eds.), Handbook of Intercultural Training (pp. 37-85). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Foxon, M.J. (1995). Using action planning to facilitate transfer of training (Unpublished doctoral dissertation) Florida State University, United States of America.
Garavaglia, P.L. (1993). How to ensure transfer of training. Training and Development Journal, 47(10), 63-68.
Glaser, B. (1992). Basics of Grounded Theory Analysis. California: Sociology Press.
Grossman, R., & Salas, E. (2011). The transfer of training: what really matters. International Journal of Training and Development, 15(2), 103-120.
Gumuseli, A.I., & Ergin, B. (2002). The manager’s role in enhancing the transfer of training. A Turkish case study. International Journal of Training and Development, 6, 80-97.
Holton, E. III, Cheng, H., & Naquin, S. (2003). An examination of learning transfer system characteristics across organizational settings. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14(4), 459-482.
Ippolito, K. (2007). Promoting intercultural learning in a multicultural university: ideals and realities. Teaching in Higher Education, 12(5-6), 749-763.
Knight, J. (2003). Updating the definition of internationalization. International Higher Education, 33, 2-3.
Kragh, S.U., & Bislev, S. (2005). Universities and student values across nations. Journal of Intercultural Communication,9.
Landis, D., & Bhawuk, D.P.S. (2004). Synthesizing theory building and practice in intercultural training. In D. Landis, J.M. Bennett & M.J. Bennett (Eds.), Handbook of Intercultural Training (pp. 453-469). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Lartey, E.Y. (2003). In Living Color: An Intercultural Approach to Pastoral Care and Counselling(2nd ed.). London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Liu, S., Volčic, Z., & Gallois, C. (2015). Introducing Intercultural Communication. Global Cultures and Contexts (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
McGuire, D., & Patterson, N. (2014). Diversity training in organizations. In Information Resources Management Association (Ed.), Cross-cultural Interaction: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 1151-1165). Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Michalak, D.F. (1981). The neglected half of training. Training and Development Journal, 35, 22-28.
Mio, J.S. (2003). On teaching multiculturalism: history, models, and content. In G. Bernal, J.E.Trimble, K. Burlew, & F.T.L Leong (Eds.). Handbook of Racial & Ethnic Minority Psychology (pp.119-146). London: Sage.
Paige, R.M. (1993) Trainer competencies for international and intercultural programmes. In R.M. Paige (Ed.). Education for the Intercultural Experience (2nd ed., pp. 169-199). Yarmouth, Maine: Intercultural Press Inc.
Pedersen, P.B. (2003). Cross-cultural counselling: developing culture-centred interactions. In G. Bernal, J.E.Trimble, K. Burlew, & F.T.L Leong (Eds.). Handbook of Racial & Ethnic Minority Psychology (pp. 487-503). London: Sage.
Pusch, M.D., Patico, A., Renwick, G.W., & Saltzman, C. (1981). Cross-cultural training. In G. Althen (Ed.). Learning across Cultures (pp. 72-103). Washington, DC: National Association for Foreign Student Affairs.
Ridley, C.R., & Kleiner, A.J. (2003). Multicultural counseling competence: history, themes, and issues. In D.B. Pope-Davis, H.L.K. Coleman, W.M. Liu, & R.L. Toporek (Eds.). Handbook of Multicultural Competencies in Counseling & Psychology (pp.3-20). London: Sage.
Saks, A.M., & Burke, L.A. (2012). An investigation into the relationship between training evaluation and the transfer of training. International Journal of Training and Development, 16(2), 118-127.
Saks, A.M. (2013). Transfer of learning: Research-to-practice gaps and best practices. Canadian Learning Journal, 17(2), 34-36.
Salas, E., Cannon-Bowers, J.A., & Smith-Jentsch, K.A. (2006). Principles and strategies for team training. In W. Karwowski (Ed.). International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors (vol. 2, pp. 2245-2248). London: Taylor Francis.
Salas, E., Weaver, S.J., & Shuffler, M.L. (2012). Learning, training and development in organizations. In S.W.J. Kozlowski (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Psychology (vol. 1, pp. 330-372). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J.M. (1998). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Sue, D.W., Arredondo, P., & McDavis, R.J. (1992). Multicultural counseling competencies and standards: A call to the profession. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 477-486.
Vaccarino, F. (2009). Learning and teaching in culturally diverse classrooms: A case study exploring teachers' and students' perceptions. International Journal of Learning, 16(4), 105-118.
Vaccarino, F., & Dresler-Hawke, E. (2011). How you doing, mate? The perceptions of benefits and barriers in forming friendships with international students: A New Zealand perspective. Intercultural Communication Studies, 20(2), 177-189.
Velada, R., Caetano, A., Michel, J.W., Lyons, B.D., & Kavanagh, M.J. (2007). The effects of training design, individual characteristics and work environment on transfer of training. International Journal of Training and Development, 11, 282-294.
Ward, C. (2004). Psychological theories of culture contact and theirn implications for intercultural training and interventions. In D. Landis, J.M. Bennett & M.J. Bennett (Eds.), Handbook of Intercultural Training (pp. 185-217). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Ward, C., & Masgoret, A-M. (2004). The Experiences of International Students in New Zealand. Report on the Results of the National Survey. Wellington, New Zealand: Ministry of Education.
Wexley, K.N. & Latham, G.P. (2002). Developing and Training Human Resources in Organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Yang, R. (2002). University internationalisation: its meanings, rationales and implications. Intercultural Education, 13(1), 81-95.
Zhou, G., Vaccarino, F., & Dresler-Hawke, E. (2014). The perception of friendship formation. A comparative study of tertiary students in New Zealand and China. The International Journal of Learner Diversity and Identities, 20(4), 29-41.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2018 Franco Vaccarino, Mingsheng Li

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal provides immediate and free open access to all its content and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This means readers are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author, as long as proper attribution is given. This policy is consistent with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access.
Article Details
How to Cite
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Mingsheng Li, Stephen Croucher, Min Wang, Re-entry Cultural Adaptation of Foreign-Educated Academics at Chinese Universities , Journal of Intercultural Communication: Vol. 20 No. 3 (2020)